North Cyprus Tourist Office / United Kingdom – London

North Cyprus Travel Agents

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Nicosia Addres : Şehit Ecvet Yusuf Cad. 13/A Yenişehir Nicosia

Kyrenia Branch : Naci Talat Cad. Öztek Apt. No:1 Kyrenia

Office Phone : 0090 392 444 1 333 (Extension Number134)

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Office Hours (Local Time) : Monday – Friday: 08:30 – 18:30 Saturday: 08:30 – 15:00 (UK time 06:30 – 16:30 Saturday: 06:30 – 13:00)

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North Cyprus Tour Operators

Cyprus is the third largest island in Mediterranean. Turkey is situated on the north at a distance of 65 km, Syria, Israel and Lebanon are situated on the east at a distance of 112 km, 267 km and 162 km respectively; Egypt is situated on the south at a distance of 418 km; and Greece is situated on the northwest at a distance of 965 km.
Cyprus is the third largest island in Mediterranean following Sicily and Sardinia islands. Cyprus is located between latitudes 30.33 and 35.41 and longitudes 32.23 and 34.55. Surface area of Turkish Republic of North Cyprus is 3,355 km2. Almost half of the coastal line of the island is within borders of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
20% of the cultivated fertile land which is at the rate of 45% is irrigated. 20% of entire land of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is forest land and an intensive forestation is still going on.
Remaining under control of Hittite for a while, the island was colonized by Aka tribe from Greece and later was controlled by Roman and Byzantine Empires respectively. In 1571, it was conquered by Turks, in 1914 it was invaded by British who hired the island from Ottoman Empire in 1878 in return of 500,000 American Dollars per year, it became independent in 1960 under name of Republic of Cyprus and divided into two states after the Cyprus Peace Operation carried out by Turkish Armed Forces upon Greek coup. About 50% of the population is Greek and 50% is Turk. The largest city is Nicosia.
Today, the island is divided into two as Turkish Republic of North Cyprus and Southern Cyprus.
Being the cradle of civilizations since the early ages, Cyprus Island I like a paradise with green valleys and mild climate. Having different beauties in all fours seasons, embracing human, nature and civilization, Northern Cyprus has all conditions that a tourist seeks for traveling, recreation and resting. For an ideal holiday you can enjoy luxurious hotels, beaches and traditional Turkish hospitality and small and clean restaurants where you can taste various spicy kebabs, dishes with stuffing and desserts unique to Turks of the island.
Civilization dates back to BC 7000 (New Stone Age) in Cyprus. Raided by many nations since old ages due to its geographical situation, Cyprus was controlled by Hittites, Egyptians, Assyrians, Persians, Romans, Byzantine, Lusignans, Venetians, Ottoman. This paradise on earth with an atmosphere containing the signs of past and today offers unforgettable holiday opportunities.
Turkish Republic of North Cyprus consists of four main residential centers, capital city Nicosia being the first. These are Nicosia, Famagusta, Kyrenia and Güzelyurt respectively.
There is a control zone of United Nations between the lands of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Southern Cyprus.
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Offering unique natural beauties and historical richness, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is 65 km away from Turkey, 105 km away from Syria and 400 km away from Egypt and it is the 3rd largest island in Mediterranean following Sicily and Sardines, surrounded by blue waters of East Mediterranean.
TRANSPORTATION
Transportation to Turkish Republic of North Cyprus can be made via air and sea transport. Air transportation is carried out with scheduled flights of Cyprus Turkish Airlines, Atlasjet, Pegasus and Turkish Airlines. Sea transport is realized via ferries and seabuses operating between Taşucu-Kyrenia harbors.
Due to pressure by Southern Cyprus Greek Government direct flights to TRNC cannot be scheduled except for Turkey, Ercan International Airport and Geçitkale Airport are recognized as legal Airports only by Turkey and Azerbaijan.
South Cyprus Greek Government also announced in 1974 that TRNC harbors are closed to all vessels from the world. Turkey did not recognize this statement and Turkish harbors were opened to free transport.
FAMAGUSTA
Actually established as a small commercial port and fishing town, Famagusta was developed in century XIII during Lusignan period and became an important center for trade between east and west. With almost 365 prayer facilities and palaces owned by the noble people of the period it was the wealthiest town of Mediterranean. Lala Mustafa Paşa Mosque, Othello Castle, Namık Kemal Dungeon, Salamis Ruins, Salamis King Tombs (Alasia), Kantara Fortresses, Town Walls, St. Barnabas Icon Museum are worth seeing.
NICOSIA
Foundation of Nicosia dates back to old times. The actual city was developed during Lusignan period. Thick and high walls were built around Nicosia in 1570 by Venetians to provide defense against Turks. There are eleven bastions on these walls which surround the entire Nicosia city like a circle. Tomb of Bayraktar and Bayraktar Mosque dedicated to the martyr who died during Turkish conquest of Cyprus is built on the Constance bastion.
Barbarism Museum, National Struggle Museum, Ethnography Museum, Obelisk of Venice, Bedesten Bazaar, Grand Inn, Municipality Market Hall, Kumarcılar Inn, Derviş Pala Mansion are worth seeing.
KYRENIA
Kyrenia is located on an area on the north of South Cyprus where all natural beauties meet. It is calm and away from the noise of the metropolitan and ideal for the ones who prefer a quiet rest. On its east and west there are kilometers long sandy beaches and luxurious hotels, apart hotels and picnic areas. Other interesting points of Kyrenia are Kyrenia Fortress and historical marina. Along the marina there are lots of restaurants, bars and outdoor cafeterias. Kyrenia Fortress, Shipwreck Museum, Folklore Museum, Escape Beach, Marine Martyrs Monument.
GÜZELYURT
Güzelyurt is a lovely settlement surrounded by Citrus gardens located on northwest of Cyprus. Having very fertile lands, orange, grapefruit, watermelon, melon and various vegetables are grown in Güzelyurt. Most of the citrus fruit are exported and the rest is processed as fruit juice and sold in the domestic market and exported.
Middle East Technical University TRNC Campus is located in Kalkanlı town within the borders of Güzelyurt.
GOVERNMENT
Current president of Turkish Republic of North Cyprus is Dr. Derviş Eroğlu. Turkish Republic of North Cyprus is governed with republican regime. Multiparty system is adopted and the government has the executive power. Legislative organ is the government and parliament of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Held in every 5 years, through presidential elections, president is elected with the votes of public.
POPULATION
Population of Turkish Republic of North Cyprus is about 265,000 (including workers and people from Turkey). Almost the entire population consists of Turks speaking Turkish. This population consists of three main societies: local Cypriot Turks, immigrants from Turkey and Turkish Army Forces with a deployed military force of 33,000 personnel are on the island. And there are still Cypriot Greeks and Maronites living in Dipkarpaz and Koruçam. TRNC controls the north of capital city Nicosia. Most of the Cypriot Turks have migrated after 1974. Particularly Britain received high numbers of immigration from Turkey and North Cyprus. Most of the immigrants had to move other countries due to adverse economical conditions. The most important reason for these adverse economical conditions is the imposed economic embargo causing difficulties in foreign trade with third countries. Population of TRNC increases more with tourists who arrive in summer for recreation.
SHOPPING
In addition to European and Local products, you can find unique handicrafts in Turkish Republic of North Cyprus. Prices are generally fixed and bargaining is not a common practice. Many stores are open between 08:00-13:00 & 14:30-19:00 during summer season and between 08:00-18:00 during winter season. Embroidery, lekara lacework, rugs, pots and items with Cyprus figures are among typical Cyprus souvenirs.
CYPRUS CUISINE
One of the most well known cuisines of the world is Turkish cuisine. Influencing the neighboring cultures through it geographical extent from Middle Asia to Anatolia and getting richer through being influenced by them, Turkish Cuisine has an important branch which can be called as Cyprus Turkish Cuisine. Reflecting the common features of Mediterranean and Turkish Cuisines, Cyprus Cuisine has unique traditional dishes and materials. Although ‘Molohiya’ is a dish with Arab origins it addresses Cyprus Turkish appetite with its preparation, taste and presentation. Among the dishes which everyone shall taste in Cyprus are Halloumi cheese, pot kebab, peach kebab, molohiya, pirahu, walnut paste, aubergine paste etc. Some of the beverages are Cyprus raki, Cyprus cognac (31), Zivania (Cypriot grape raki).
NIGHTLIFE
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has a very dynamic nightlife due to Touristic travels both in Summer and Winter seasons. Additionally, since it is one of the most popular countries among students there are discos, bars and nightclubs which are open till morning. Casinos of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus take the nightlife one step ahead.
CLIMATE
Typical Mediterranean climate is prevalent in Cyprus. Summer season is dry and hot, winter season is generally wet and mild. Spring and autumn seasons are mild and pleasant. Average temperature during summertime is 30°C and 10°C during coldest months.
TOURISM
With untouched natural beauties, clean and untouched nature, friendly people and kilometers long coastal line which is sunny almost for the entire year, North Cyprus is a paradise island in the Mediterranean with a 9000 years of history. Crusader castles dominating Five Fingers mountain range with Gothic churches, remains of temples and examples of British colonial architecture are a fantastical mixture of history.

The island has a rich historical and architectural heritage left by various civilizations of the past centuries. It is possible to view the 9000 year civilization from Soli and Vouni on the west to Arabahmet Mosque inn Nicosia; from Salamis in Famagusta to Apostolos Andreas Monastery on the east.

North Cyprus has very clean beaches. These beaches are beautiful unlike many in Mediterranean. There are lots of different coastlines and facilities for swimmers from the luxurious beaches of big hotels and lovely beaches of small hotels. Golden beaches of the east coastline between Famagusta and the Strait are almost 22 km long. There are beaches where different sport activities take place on both sides of Kyrenia in the north. Additionally, deserted bays enrich a landscape of 32 km.

Lovely large sand hills covered with macquis and wild olive trees located on both sides of Karpaz are waiting for daring and well equipped trekkers. There is no tarmac road in this dream land which is also a National Park. Therefore, a reliable off-road vehicle shall be preferred for traveling to the area. On the west, Güzelyurt Bay welcomes the adventurers with its beauty.

Sea of our island has been visited by greenhead (Chelonia mydas) and logger head (Caretta caretta) turtles for about hundred million years. Greenhead turtles only spawn on our island, southeast coast of Turkey and sometimes in Israel. These magnificent creatures come to the beaches of North Cyprus between June and August for spawning. One of the beaches where they spawn, Alagadi beach is taken under protection. When it gets dark after sunset, female turtles which have shells bigger than 100cm seek suitable points on the shore to lay their eggs. They lay around 65 to 110 eggs according to their species. Each turtle spawns five or six times with 11-15 day intervals. When spawning is completed the tired female turtle returns to sea. They come to the same beach 2 years later again to spawn. Ecologists and students are watching the spawning areas to help protecting the sea turtles which are facing extinction. Watching this excellent nature is an exciting experience for visitors too.

Visitors coming to our island are amazed by hospitality and generosity of the Cypriot Turks who are very friendly and cheerful. This traditional hospitality was denoted by Charles C. Flankland in 1827 as follows: “…We were hosted in a royal manner with hookah and coffee, sweet paste was served to each of us…it was followed by a great sorbet… then rose water was sprinkled on us and incense in a silver incensory was smoking.”
Exotic Cyprus cuisine reflects its own history and marine culture and also a synthesis of western and eastern cultures.

Ottoman has conquered the island in 1571 and has ruled the island until 1878 when the island was hired by Britain as per a defense agreement made between Britain and Ottoman Empire. When Ottoman Empire took part in the First World War with Germany, Cyprus was annexed by Britain and became a British Colony.

In 1960 Cypriot Turks and Greeks established Republic of Cyprus. However, when the Greeks attempted to change the constitutional law unilaterally in 1963 an intersocial conflict broke out and Cypriot Turks were expelled from Republic of Cyprus. A total of 103 Cypriot Turk villages were forced to evacuate and Cypriot Turks were forced to live in enclaves which consist 3 percent of the island.
Upon the military coup supported by Greece in 1974 for the purpose of making the island the land of Greece, Turkey intervened to the island. Upon the military intervention north side where the Cypriot Turks were living and south side where Cypriot Greeks were living was divided into two. In 1975, Cypriot Turkish Federal State was established.

In 1983 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was established.
In April 2003 passage point between north and south were opened after 30 years. On April 24th, 2004 Cypriot Turks accepted Annan’s plan for uniting the island. However, Cypriot Greeks rejected the plan. On May 1st, 2004 Greek side entered the European Union under name of Republic of Cyprus by representing the entire island.

St.Francis Church
Is a section of the monastery established in 1300s by monks who were members of Franciscan sect. It is located near Del Proveditore Palace. The structure was built with the assistance of king of Cyprus Henry II. It consists of a nave with three sections and a very beautiful chorus section at the end of it.

Greek St.George Church
Its architecture featuring Byzantine and Gothic essences the church was owned by Orthodox society and built in 15th century. The church includes a middle nave having side naves and ends with a triple apse. The ceiling has Gothic vaults. The structure of the building shows that it is a bishopric church. The top section was destroyed during the Ottoman siege in 1571 and cannonball signs can be seen on its walls.
Templar and Hospitaler Church
Templar church which is the largest of the two churches built in 14th century was owned by Templar knights. When Templar chivalry was abolished by the Pope in 1313 the church was left to Hospitaler knights who owned the adjacent building. Today it is renovated and utilized as Cyprus Art Society.
Walls of Famagusta
Lusignan walls surrounding Fagamusa city until 1489 had a very thin structure despite their height. Later, Venetians who took over Cyprus made a revision and brought experts from Venice in 1550s to reinforce the walls against weapons with fire power as a precaution especially for Ottomans. Especially walls on the seaside, Martinengo Bastion and Land Gate were built in this period. Also, a trench with a width of 46 m was built in front of the wall facing outside and filled with water. Built from large stone blocks and having a length of 3 km, the height of these walls were 18 m and width reaches up to 9 m at certain points. The walls contained bastions, gates, ramps, embrasures, armory, storehouse and barns. Towers on the walls were named as follows: – Arsenal (Canbulat) – Mare (Sea Gate Bastion) – Castella (Othello Tower) – Signonia (Halkalı embrasure) – Diamete (Karpaz Bastion) – Mozzo (Şehit Bastion) – Martinengo (Tophane) – Pulacazaro – Moratto – Diocare – Ravelin (Land Gate, Akkule) – Santa Napa (Golden Bastion) – Andurizzi (Water Bastion) – Campo Santa (Halkalı Bastion) and Othello building as an inner castle and Land Gate (Ravelin) and Sea Gate (Porta del Mare) as two original entry gates. Destroyed during conquest of Famagusta by Ottomans, the walls were repaired by Ottomans after the conquest.
Land Gate (Ravelin)
It is one of the city gates that provides access to Famagusta city. Its original name is Ravelin which means “Bastion in the shape of half moon”. Land Gate is the oldest section of the walls other than Othello Fortress. Today bridge entrance is new, in the past a cannon opening near the bastion was used to provide access inside. The original gate is located on the left of the current entrance and equipped with a moving bridge. There is a passage with arches at the section which faces the city. On both sides of this passage there are wall frescos, emblems and a small church. As a result of excavations carried out there passages, cannon platforms and interesting sections and galleries were discovered. On the side of the passage with arches, there are underground chambers which were used as dungeons during Venetian period.
Tophane (Martinengo Bastion)
Was built between 1550 – 1559 by Giovanni Sammichele who was a Venetian architect. It has a triangular design and is one of the most elegant examples of military architecture. In the sections with vaults there were chimneys for discharging gunpowder smoke and providing ventilation and small cells were present on the walls to place gunpowder barrels and cannonballs. Martinengo who was commanding the Venetian forces which were sent as reinforcement to Cyprus to fight against Ottomans was brought to Famagusta when he died on the route. Venetians give his name to this bastion in memory of this respected commander.
Sea Gate (Porta Del Mare)
Is one of the original city gates providing entrance to Famagusta. It is an architectural beauty and was preserved well. It was built by a Venetian named Nicolo Prioli in 1496. Wooden gate covered with iron remained from the era of Turks and iron bar gate remained from the era of Venetians. On the top of the gate emblem of Republic of Venice with a winged lion is engraved on marble, name and emblem of Nicolo Prioli and year of 1496 can be seen. The marble is believed to be brought from Salamis.
Canbulat (Arsenal Bastion)
Canbulat Bey who was Kilis flag officer was recommended to be included in the forces to be organized when conquest of Cyprus was decided. Since he played an important role in the Ottoman conquest of Nicosa, he was appointed with İskender Pasha and Deniz Pasha in the Ottoman army which was surrounding the city of Famagusta in 1570. He was believed to die a martyr at the point where Arsenal bastion was located and his tomb is under this bastion. The building aging by time was reconstructed in 1968 and the front part was turned into a museum. Ethnographical and archaeological works are still being exhibited in the museum.
Kertikli Bath House
It is an Ottoman era building located on the north of the city. This bath house attracts attention with its domes. The structure consists of six rooms top of which are covered with a dome, a water reservoir covered with vault and sections which were believed to be changing rooms with ruined top cover.
Salamis Ancient City
The city was established by tribes coming from Anatolia during migrations starting by the end of Bronze Age and Aka tribe coming from Greece and joining them in Cilicia. Tefkros who was one of the heroes of Troy and son of Salamis island king Telamon was known as the founder of the city. It was understood from the coins which were produced in BC 560 after Assyrian domination that occurred in BC 707 that king of Salamis, Evelthon came to power to govern the island. The campaign organized by Athenian Kimon in BC 499 to end Persian domination was a failure and Athenians gave up taking Cyprus upon death of Kimon. After that Phoenician governors take control, however regression starts in trade and other fields. Evagoras from Tefkros family takes the throne in the kingdom of Salamis in BC 411. When he attempted to take control of the entire island Salamis city as surrounded by Persians and Evagoras was made to pay levy to Persian Empire. This continued to until the period of Alexandria. Pyntagoras who was the king of Salamis during the reign of Alexandria was awarded with the city of Tamusus due to military support he gave to Alexandria. Upon death of Alexandria, rulers of Salamis changed continuously.
Peace was brought to the island when governed by Ptoleme Kingdom which took Cyprus under very difficult conditions in BC 294 and upon this date Salamis became the capital city. This bright period of the city continues during Roman reign too. Most of the remains coming up today belong to the Roman age. Under Roman control the city had comitia curiata, a senate and village council. The city was heavily destroyed by earthquakes in AD 76 and 77 and Jewish insurrection in AD 116. Later the island is connected to Antioch city and since Salamis harbor is the first port of call of Syrian vessels, the city finds relief. The city incurs significant damage due to earthquakes which occurred in AD 232 and 342. After that Byzantine Emperor Constantine rebuilds the city in a smaller plan and names it as Constantine. The city became the capital city of Cyprus by displacing Baf. Later the city was abandoned due to Arabic raids in AD 647 and earthquakes and the people had to migrate to the area which comprises the city of Famagusta today.
Architectural Remains:WALLS AND HARBORS
In addition to the walls located on north, south and west sides of the city presence of a secondary wall surrounding the city center was revealed. Walls surrounding the city centre can be thought to be built against Arabic raids in AD 7th century. The oldest harbor of Salamis city is located on southeast of the city. North and south of this harbor is protected with artificial jetties. The second harbor used in Late Roman period is located on the north of the city. In addition to these two harbors a third harbor used by Demetius is told to exist.
Gymnasium:SPORTS ARENA
As can be understood from the epigraph on the southern entrance, there was a Gymnasium dating back to Hellenistic period, located on the area where Roman Gymnasium was built on today. On the eastern portico, there is an epigraph stating that this area was once used as a garden. Due to destruction occurring because of earthquakes Gymnasium was repaired in the age of Augustus and a south portico was added. Area which is surrounded with chromite head column porticos on four sides has swimming pools on north and south ends and statues around them. Statues located around the northern swimming pool now are from AD 2nd century. Collapsing again in AD 332 and 342 due to earthquakes, Gymnasium was rebuilt by Constantine in the Early Byzantine period as Salamis bath houses.
THEATER
The structure which was located on the south of Gymnasium is possibly built in the period of Augustus. Collapsing due to earthquakes in AD 4th century, stones of the theater were used for building bath houses. Theater contained stage building, orchestra and seats. It has a capacity of 15 thousand people. Stage building was used by performers as a change room and served as background. What is only left from this glorious building decorated with frescos, statues and columns until not is only its foundation. In the middle of orchestra located in the center, an altar dedicated to Dionysus and two platforms with epigraphs dedicated to Marcus Avurelius Commedus and Caesar Constantine, and Caesar Maximianus. Although the seating section has more than 50 rows only a small part of them was able to survive until now. The space in the middle is honor loge. Some of the seating were renovated and rebuilt.
ROMAN VILLA
Was located on the south of the theater. Having two floors, this building consisted of an entrance with columns and internal courtyard and a large living room. Other rooms are located on both sides of the courtyard. During excavations a platform with mosaics and decorated with animal portrayals surrounding a central figure was discovered.
BYZANTINE WATER CISTERN
It was located on southeast of the Roman Villa, shaped like a funnel and consisted of three sections. In one section there were wall pictures and inscriptions from AD 6th century. Main panel which is currently in ruins is decorated with a water stage consisting of birds, fish and aqueous plant and a medallion with Jesus’ head embossed on.
COMPANAPETRA BASILICA
The basilica was built in 4th century. It was surrounded with columns and consists of a courtyard with a water well, middle and side sections. Desk of the bishop and place of priests are located in the middle section. At the back of the apse there is a group of remains which are understood to be the bath house. One of the rooms have a spectacular mosaic flooring.
ST. EPIPHANIOS BASILICA
Known as the biggest basilica of Cyprus, this building was used as Metropolitan church of Salamis in the past. It was known to be built during time of Bishop Epiphanios (368-403). Epiphanios also has a tomb made of marble stone. Basilica was divided into 3 separate sections with two column lines of fourteen. Seats of the bishop and priests were located on the apse. Rooms on both sides of this section were for priests to wear their cassocks and to keep the items used during service. Heating system installed under the floor level of the baptize room shows that warm water was used for baptize during winter months. Remains show that another smaller church was built on the southern part after Arabic invasion in 7th century.
WATER RESERVOIR – VOUTA
Dating back to AD 627-640 (Byzantian Period), water coming from Kythrea via channels was stored in this section. Today remains of the aqueduct can still be seen. It is seen that the feet bearing the ceiling are supported by thick bends coming out of tall walls.
AGORA (Stone Forum / Marketplace)
This structure is located on the south of the water reservoir. Consisting of an empty space in the middle and shops around it, this area is understood to the meeting and shopping center of Salamis. It is understood from a Latin book that it was renovated during the time of Augustus. Porticos with columns on both sides of Agora provided protection against sun and rain. Only one of these is still stands up.
TEMPLE OF ZEUS
Believed to be the main temple of Salamis city, only a small part of this structure was able to survive until now. Located on the south end of Agora, it was possible to reach the temple via a staircase. An epigraph discovered during excavations it is revealed that this temple was dedicated to Zeus Olympios in honor of Livia who was Augustus’ wife.
Royal Tombs
Salamis Necropolis situated on an area of approximately 4 square miles reach to west end of the Salamis forest and St. Barbanas from Enkomi. Since some of the tombs which were discovered had structural figures and rich items they were named as Royal tombs. Their principle architectural features are wide, long and inclined areas located in front of the sepulcher. There, horses drawing the funeral car were sacrificed in the honor of the deceased and pots filled with oil, wine or honey were placed here. Researches show that the tombs were built in BC 8th century and were used until AD 4th century. Rich items were found particularly in tombs numbered 47, 50 and 79. Tomb number 50 among them was also used as a small church dedicated to St. Catherine. Since it is believed that St. Catherine who adopted Christianity was imprisoned here by her uncle who is a governor of Salamis it is also referred to as St. Catherine Prison. In the excavations various pots, earthenware, bronze and ivory items and skeletons of the sacrificed horses were discovered.
Nicocreon Monument
Located in Salamis Necropolis, this monument is thought to be built for the last king of Salamis, Nicocreon. According to the resources, the last king Nicocreon committed suicide rather then surrendering to Ptolemeos and his wife killed her family and committed suicide. In the middle of the platform which can be accessed through gradual stairs a furnace was found together with iron bars, stone and earthen statues of that period. Statues which were made of half fired earth bear the characteristics of the Late Classical Greek sculpture.

Monastery of St. Barnabas
Born in Salamis as the son of a Jewish family, St. Barnabas came back to Cyprus after his education in Jerusalem and started to work with St. Paul in AD 45 to widespread Christianity. For these actions he was killed by his own people and his body was hidden in a marsh to be thrown in the sea. Scholars of St. Barbanas watched the happenings and bury the body in an underground cave on the west of Salamis and placed a copy of the gospel of St. Mathews on his chest. It had been a secret for long years since the location of the body was unknown. 432 years later bishop Anthemios stated that has seen the grave in his dream and requests to open it. When the grave was opened gospel of St. Mathews and St. Barnabas was revealed. After this exploration the bishop went to İstanbul and informed Emperor Zeno and Church of Cyprus became autonomous. The emperor made a donation to build a monastery on the area where the grave was found. The monastery was built in AD 477. The monastery consists of a church, courtyard and rooms located on three sides of the courtyard where the priests used to live.

St.Barnabas Icon and Archaeology Museum
A very rich collection of icons from 18th century were held at St. Barnabas church. Basalt mill located in the courtyard of the monastery was brought from Enkomi residential zone and other columns and stones were brought from Salamis. Rooms where the priests used to live were renovated and turned into an Archaeology museum. It is possible to see various items that belong to the historical process from Neolithic Period to Roman Period in Cyprus. Also, bronze and marble works are exhibited in the museum.
Enkomi (Alasia)
Ancient Enkomi city which is located near Enkomi (Tuzla) village and also known as Alasia, dates back to BC 2000s. In the excavations it is understood that the city was under Egyptian influence and later influenced by Miken. Surrounded with walls, in this residential zone dead used to be buried in the basement of their houses with their gifts. It was understood that Embrasure plan had been applied to the city design and the first writing came out here. “Horned God Statue” which was regarded as a cult sculpture and bearing the essences of Hittite culture was found here. Also numerous bronze works and copper residues were found indicating that there were coppersmith shops in the city. Being a harbor city in the past, Enkomi city was abandoned and never used again since Pedios (Kanlıdere) river filled the city harbor with alluvium and due to earthquakes and continuous threat of Aka tribe after 12th century.
Kantara Fortress
Being the farthest southern fortress among three fortresses on Kyrinea Mountain Range, located at the altitude of 700 meters, Kantara Fortress was capable of controlling entry to Karpaz Peninsula. It was believed to be built by Byzantine after Arabic raids such as St. Hilarion and Buffavento fortresses, written sources state the fortress for the first time in 1191 when Richard the Lionheart conquered Cyprus. Isaac Comnenus declaring himself as the king of Cyprus with deceit resorts to this fortress when he was defeated by the old Palestinian king Guy De Lusignan which entered Richard’s service. He was captured while attempting escape and taken prisoner in Karpaz region. Name of the fortress is stated in Lusignan and Venetian periods. Those periods were the time of numerous wars. The fortress was kept by the supporters of King Peter I despite Genoese invasion of Nicosia and Famagusta in 1373. Prince John who was the brother of King of Cyprus Peter I, is known to resort to the fortress while he was imprisoned by Genoese. The fortress was surrounded by walls by King James in 1391. When Venetians invaded the island this fortress was also demilitarized and lost its old significance like other fortresses away from the sea. The fortress has sections like defense, soldier rooms, water reservoir, wagon rooms, signal tower.
Sinan Pasha Mosque (St. Peter & St. Paul Church)
Although this building is thought to be built in 1360 by a Syrian tradesman Simone Nostrano as stated on the inscription of its wall, it is known that the church was built by a Nestorian Christian named Simon and the inscription is thought to be false. It was able to withstand the bombardment in 1571 with its strong structure. Northern entrance with a unique stonework was thought to be brought from somewhere else. Interior of the building is rather simple and its ceiling consists of flat head columns. Ottomans started to use the building as a mosque during their reign on the island.
Nestorian Church
This church was built in 1339 by a Syrian tradesman for Syrians who were living in Famagusta. The church is decorated with figures of camels and inscriptions in Syrian as the language used by Nestorians in religious ceremonies. Bell tower and side sections were added afterwards. The entrance is very simple and a beautiful rose window is located on it. Ceiling with a terrace is supported by decorated bends.
Latin St. George Church
It was built by the end of 13th century and is one of the most beautiful examples of Gothic style. It is thought that materials brought from Salamis ruins were used and its architecture was influenced by St. Chapelle church in Paris. It has a nave with five sections and also has a place of chorus. This chorus place and north wall was able to survive until now. Wide and tall windows were used to be decorated with Gothic engraving once upon a time. It is understood from its wall alike structure that the church was built before the walls of the city.

St. Hilarion Fortress
It is one of the fortresses like Buffavento and Kantara fortresses which were built to withstand Arabic raids on the island. Name of the fortress derives from a saint named Hilarion. A monastery and a church was built here in 10th century. Name of the fortress was firstly mentioned in records dating back 1191. Although it had an active and strategic significance once in time, later it served as a summer resort and resting place for Lusignan nobles. It lost its significance and function like Kantara and Buffavento fortresses upon invention of weapons with fire power and defending shorelines being more important.
The fortress consists in three separate sections. Defense section protecting the main entrance was reinforced by Byzantine in 11th century. Lower section was used for horses and soldiers. Royal palace, kitchen and church were located on the top section. Water reservoir was contained in this section. There is a Lusignan gate on the upper entrance of the fortress. There was a courtyard between two peak points. Nobles used to live in the eastern section, kitchen and other daily rooms were located in the western section. The panoramic landscape which can be viewed from the Queen’s window (with Gothic engravings) on the second floor of the royal residence is spectacular. Prince John tower is located on the peak point.
Bellapais Monastery
Being one of the unique examples of Gothic art, the monastery was established on the skirts of Five Fingers mountain range. Its name was derived from the phrase “Abbaye de la Paix” which means “Monastery of Peace”. First residents of the monastery were priests of Augustinian sect migrating from Jerusalem in 1187. Construction of the first monastery building was between 1198 – 1205. Most of the building which is seen today was built by the King of France Hugh III (1267 – 1284). Porticos surrounding the courtyard and dining saloon was built in the period of King Hugh IV (1324 – 1359). When Cyprus was taken by Ottomans the monastery was given to Greek Orthodox Church. The church next to the courtyard is the part of monastery which is in the best state. Italian frescos on the front face were built in 15th century. Two marble tombs in the courtyard were used as a wash basin by priests once in the past. Emblems of Jerusalem, Lusignan and Cyprus kingdoms were placed on the gate at the back of the tombs. Dining saloon of the monastery is one of the unique examples of Gothic art. On the south of the middle courtyard offices of priests and council rooms were located. The column in the middle of the council room was thought to belong to early period Byzantine church. Bedrooms and treasure room was located on the upper floor.
Buffavento Fortress
Situated on Kyrenia Mountain Range at 950 meters altitude and it is a part of the defense line like St. Hilarion and Kantara fortresses established against the attacks of Arabs. The fortress was used as a prison in Lusignan period (1192 – 1489) and it was known as “Chateau du Lion”. Since the castles in the coastal town gained importance for defending the island during Venetian period Buffavento Fortress was neglected. The fortress consists of two sections as Lower and Upper Fortress. The lower Castle has an entrance with arch. Rooms across the entrance were used for storing supplies and some of them were used as dormitories. A cistern was built under the rooms. Red brick workmanship of the door and room arches of the upper castle is Byzantine style. There are very little remains from the church located here. Meaning of Buffavento is “buffeted by the wind”. Beauty of Troodos Mountains and Nicosia is seen from the castle.
First settlers of Lambousa are known to arrive from Greece in BC 13th century and Phoenicians took control of the region in BC 8th century. In Roman and Byzantine period an elegant lifestyle is prevalent. Examples of civil architecture such as theater and gymnasium were built in t he city. This period of prosperity has ended as a result of Arabic raids occurred in AD 7th century. Walls, sepulchers and fish ponds are among important remains. Fish ponds were excavated during the Roman period and equipped with channels to permit entry of clean water and discharge of hot and contaminated water. Findings of Lambousa were discovered in the two stage excavations commenced in 1900′s and there are valuable items such as numerous plates and spoons among them, however, most of these items are now exhibited in the museums of the cities of foreign countries such as New York and London. These treasures were thought to be buried in the soil during raid of Arabic pirates. Most of the works are thought to be built during years 627 – 630 since they bear the Empire’s seal.
Lodge of Ömer
Tombs of Ömer and his friends who were martyrized in Arabic raids in 7th century, during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Muavia are located here. Lodge and prayer room building was built by Ottomans.
Monastery of Sourp Magar
Was first established in AD 1000s as a Coptic monastery and dedicated to St. Makarios who was an Alexandrian saint. It is also referred to as St. Mary Monastery. Given to the control of the Armenian Church in the beginning of 15th century, the monastery became a waypoint – a second pilgrimage point – for Armenian pilgrims on their route to Jerusalem in time. It carried out such function until 1974. It was used as a summer resort by the Armenian community living in Nicosia. Current remains are from 19th century. A scripture in Armenian was found on its walls.
Vrysi (Çatalköy)
It was a settlement in Neolithic period. It is understood from the excavations that the settlement was established by people coming from Cilicia region of Anatolia between years BC 4000-3000. Excavations also indicate that the economy of the period relied on agriculture. It is understood that earthenware is handmade. Dwellings are interconnected with narrow passages. Walls are built of stone and mud and their interior is covered with mud, the roofs are made of reeds and covered with mud and clay. Straw mats made of reeds were used for flooring. After an earthquake in BC 3000s, people of Vrysi left here and migrated somewhere else.
Necropolis of Karmi
Tombs dating back Middle Bronze age, in the shape of rooms were discovered during the archaeological excavations near Karmi village. Human figure in the corridor of one of these tombs is accepted as the oldest human figure found in the explorations on the island. The figure symbolizes the goddess of fertility. Blue porcelain beads were discovered as a gift to the dead, pots brought from Crete belonging to Minos civilization were also found. It is thought that these items may belong to the sailors working on the vessels in Lapithos. These data can be regarded as an indicator of commercial relationships with neighboring countries on the island during the Bronze Age.

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